Ryukyu Kobudo
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Traditional Okinawan weapons arts. Weapons include bo (staff), sai, tonfa, nunchaku, kama (sickle), eku (oar), tinbe-rochin (shield and short spear), timbei-suruchin (rope weapon), nunti (small pitchfork), kuwa (hoe), tekko (knuckle duster), sansetsukon (three-section staff). Several lineages preserve the tradition including Matayoshi-ha, Yamanni-ryu, Taira-ha, Ryukonkai and others.
Nihon Jujutsu
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General umbrella island for Japanese Jujutsu schools whose specific ryuha does not yet warrant a dedicated island in the taxonomy. Distinct from schools with their own established ryuha islands (Tenjin Shinyo-ryu, Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu, etc.). Branches under this island name the specific system (e.g. Hakko-ryu Jujutsu, Nihon Jujutsu, Ogawa-ryu, etc.).
Tenjin Shinyo-ryu
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Classical Japanese jujutsu koryu founded by Iso Mataemon in the 1830s in Edo, synthesising Yoshin-ryu and Shin-no-Shinto-ryu. One of the two direct parent arts of Kano Jigoro's Kodokan Judo (with Kito-ryu). Still practised in a small number of dojos in Japan and abroad.
Koshin-ryu
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Australian jujutsu lineage tracing to Ryugoro Fukushima, a Japanese jujutsu practitioner who arrived in Australia around 1906 and taught in Sydney intermittently between 1906-1936. Fukushima's original style of jujutsu is not definitively documented (possibly Ryugo-ryu, Tenjin Shinyo-ryu, or Daito-ryu; his contemporary description emphasised no biting/scratching/gouging/kicking). His student Len Noyes (born 1903) founded the Australian Society of Ju-Jitsuans (ASJJ), which the graduated black-belt members later formed into Koshinryu Jujutsu Australia (KJA) to distinguish graduate practice from student practice. Both graduates and students now train under the ASJJ. The oldest continuously active jujutsu lineage in Australia; grading authority preserved through the Grandmaster (currently Roger Quick, 9th Dan Hanshi).
World Ju-Jitsu Federation
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International jujitsu federation founded in 1976 by Soke Robert Clark in the United Kingdom. Focuses on syllabus-graded self-defence jujitsu drawing on judo, karate and traditional jujutsu principles. Global reach through affiliated national organisations. WJJF Australia was established in 2003 by Alan Campbell, previously co-director and National Coach of WJJ (UK) Ltd 1993-2003.
Jishukan-ryu
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Modern Japanese martial arts school founded in Japan by the late Soke Shuho Sugita. Combines Kempo karate (striking, kicking, blocking), Jujitsu (standing throws, locks, breakfalling), and Jojitsu (short staff, taught only at Shodan level). Not a koryu tradition but a formalised gendai system with a Honbu in Japan. Certifies authorized dan grades issued from the Japanese Honbu. Australia is the primary international presence, with Jishukan Ryu Australia Inc. incorporated in the ACT and eight affiliated dojos across NSW, ACT, QLD, VIC and WA.
KoKoDo Ju Jutsu
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Modern Japanese jujutsu founded on roots in Hakko-ryu Jujutsu and Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu. Taught through a series of waza that develop understanding of distance angle spiral movement and atemi to neutralise attackers efficiently. Students also study Shiatsu (therapeutic acupressure) as part of the regular curriculum. Global hombu located in Omija Saitama Japan under Irie Soke. International transmission via a small number of senior licensed shihan including Seamark Hanshi (Sadohana Dojo Vancouver Canada) whose direct-student (jikimon) study groups extend to Auckland New Zealand and elsewhere.
Takamura-ha Shindo Yoshin-ryu
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Koryu jujutsu preserving the Takamura branch of Shindo Yoshin-ryu. Curriculum blends armed and unarmed technique organised as teaching kata with strong emphasis on sword work. Characterised by gentle grace and natural martial movement. Global honbu located in Evergreen Colorado USA under Kaicho Toby Threadgill who succeeded Takamura Yukiyoshi. Small international network of licensed study groups; entry is by direct connection to a licensed instructor rather than open membership.
Kawaishi Nihon Goshin Jutsu
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European jujutsu system developed by Mikonosuke Kawaishi (1899-1969) in France from 1928. Kawaishi trained at Waseda University in Japan (4th Dan Kodokan judo by 1924) and studied jujutsu under Yoshida Kotaro (Daito Ryu and Yanagi Ryu). His method emphasises throws groundfighting and joint locks and is less circular than Daito Ryu aikijujutsu. Introduced to New Zealand in 1961 by Hans van Ess who had learned it in the Netherlands under Jaap Nauwelaerts de Age (student of Jean de Herdt one of Kawaishi's original French students). Approximately half of NZ's jujutsu clubs descend from van Ess's transmission.
Black Dragon Jiu Jitsu Academy
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New Zealand jujutsu organisation founded 1979 in Auckland by Grandmaster Steve Heremaia OAM (1st February 1940 - ). Heremaia's own synthesis drawing on early NZ Jiu Jitsu Association training and later a strong connection to Grandmaster Wally Jay (Small Circle Jujitsu Hawaii). Heremaia is New Zealand's first 10th Dan Grandmaster and the highest-ranked Maori martial artist. Direct lineage transmission through his family and senior students including Professor Karel Valach-Nathan (8th Dan) as Chief Technical Advisor.
Shorinji Kan Jiu Jitsu
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Modern gendai jujutsu system founded by Brian Graham (1943-2005) in Keighley West Yorkshire England after his return from Japan. Consolidated as The Jitsu Foundation (TJJF) which now coordinates the style internationally with affiliated organisations in the UK Canada USA Australia New Zealand and other countries. Focus on standing throws locks weakening strikes and structured teaching for practical self-defence. New Zealand transmission established 2002 by Simon Ogden OSA.
Fuji Ryu Goshin Do
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Modern Japanese jujutsu synthesis founded 1962 by Sugawara Geshu at Kokushikan University Miyagi Prefecture, integrating judo aikido kendo kempo and Goju karate. Introduced to New Zealand 1976 by John Bonniface. Japan line dormant post-1985 (Sugawara died 1985; Bonniface died 1992). NZ has become the effective centre of the lineage under Shihan Paul Reti OSA (9th Dan). Two distinct organisational offshoots — Sakura Kan Jiu Jitsu (Salter, 1992) and Furui Ryu Jiu Jitsu (Stokes) — continue the transmission alongside the Fuji Ryu Hombu Dojo.
Ki Society
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Ki Society (Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido) was founded by Koichi Tohei in 1974
Ban Sen Juku
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A traditional Japanese aikido school founded in Brussels in 1988 by Tomita Seiji Shihan (8th Dan), who studied directly under founder Morihei Ueshiba as well as Koichi Tohei (Ki) and Morihiro Saito (Iwama). Distinguished by integrated weapons practice including aiki-iai. International, with dojos across Europe and beyond.
Independent
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Unaffiliated schools without a claimed transmission lineage. Federation memberships are not lineages.
Kyushin-ryu
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Kyushin-ryu
Sosuishi-ryu
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Koryū jūjutsu — Kumi-uchi — and iaijutsu — Koshi-no-mawari; Hombu Sekiryūkan, Fukuoka; 16th headmaster Shitama Manzo.
Ki Society (Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido)
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The Ki Society, founded in 1971 by Koichi Tohei (1920–2011) after his departure from Aikikai Hombu, teaches Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido (“Aikido with Mind and Body Unified”). Tohei emphasised ki development, natural movement, relaxation, and mind‑body coordination as foundational principles. The organisation includes a comprehensive curriculum of ki training, kiatsu (pressure‑based restorative therapy), and Aikido techniques expressed through softness, stability, and centred movement. Headquartered in Tochigi, Japan, the Ki Society maintains an international network of dojos with a structured grading system and instructor certification program focused on calmness under pressure and non‑resistance.
Takemusu Aikido (Iwama Style)
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Takemusu Aikido refers to the Iwama lineage transmitted by Morihiro Saito (1928–2002), one of Morihei Ueshiba’s longest‑serving uchi‑deshi. Saito preserved the founder’s integrated system of taijutsu, aiki‑ken, and aiki‑jo, taught at the Iwama Dojo from the late 1940s through the 1990s. The lineage emphasises kihon (static basics), precise body mechanics, and the inseparable relationship between empty‑hand technique and weapons training. After Saito’s passing, the tradition continued through the Iwama Shinshin Aiki Juku and other international groups maintaining the founder’s Iwama‑period curriculum. Known for structured pedagogy, strong weapons integration, and technical consistency.
Shodokan Aikido (Tomiki Aikido)
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Shodokan Aikido, also known as Tomiki Aikido, was founded by Kenji Tomiki (1900–1979), a senior student of both Morihei Ueshiba (Aikido) and Jigoro Kano (Judo). Tomiki sought to integrate Aikido’s technical principles with Judo’s randori methodology, creating a competitive format using tanto randori and structured kata. The Shodokan Hombu Dojo was established in Osaka and continues to oversee curriculum development, grading standards, and international expansion. Shodokan Aikido is characterised by clear technical pedagogy, paired kata practice, and safe, rule‑based competition designed to test timing, control, and application under pressure.
Kokikai Aikido
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Founded by Maruyama Motokage in 1986, following his time as a senior instructor in the Ki Society under Koichi Tohei. Headquartered in Nagoya, Japan, Kokikai emphasises minimum effort, correct posture, and progressive relaxation as core technical principles. It is transmitted internationally through Kokikai International and affiliated national organisations.
Aikikai Aikido
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The largest Aikido organisation worldwide, headquartered at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo in Shinjuku, Tokyo, under the Ueshiba family. Founded by Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido, and continued through his son Kisshomaru Ueshiba and grandson Moriteru Ueshiba as Doshu. Aikikai serves as the primary international federation for Aikido transmission, with member organisations in over 90 countries. Individual Aikikai-affiliated schools vary considerably in technical emphasis, weapons practice, and training culture depending on the teacher lineage within the federation.
Seitei Jodo
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Seitei Jōdō is a standardised curriculum of twelve kata for the four-foot wooden staff, established by the Zen Nihon Kendō Renmei (All Japan Kendō Federation) in 1968. The kata were selected from the curriculum of Shintō Musō-ryū Jōjutsu by a committee led by Shimizu Takaji, the leading SMR teacher of the period, with the purpose of providing a shared, gradable Jo curriculum alongside the federation's existing Kendō and Iaidō programmes. The twelve kata are practised as paired forms in which the jō practitioner faces a swordsman, structured progressively from basic engagements to more complex sequences. Seitei Jōdō is graded through the federation's dan ranking system and is taught internationally through kendō federations affiliated with the International Kendō Federation. While the curriculum is rooted in Shintō Musō-ryū, it is distinct from the full koryū transmission of that tradition — Seitei is the federated, standardised expression; SMR is the complete teacher-to-student lineage from which it was drawn.
Shinto Muso-ryu Jojutsu
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Shintō Musō-ryū Jōjutsu is a Japanese koryū (classical) tradition of the four-foot wooden staff, founded in the early 17th century by Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi. According to the school's history, Gonnosuke developed the system after a celebrated encounter with the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi, designing the jō as a weapon capable of countering the katana. The curriculum is built on paired kata in which the jō practitioner faces a swordsman, structured progressively from basic strikes (kihon) through increasingly demanding kata sets. The tradition was preserved through the Edo period under the patronage of the Kuroda clan in Fukuoka, and was opened to wider transmission in the twentieth century by Shimizu Takaji, whose teaching established Shintō Musō-ryū as the dominant Jōjutsu transmission worldwide. It is the source tradition from which the twelve Seitei Jōdō kata were drawn by the Zen Nihon Kendō Renmei in 1968.
Carlson Gracie Team
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Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu team established through the lineage of Carlson Gracie (1932-2006), son of Carlos Gracie Sr. and one of the most competitive BJJ fighters of his era. Carlson trained his cousins, brothers, and students in a competitive, aggressive style that influenced the development of modern BJJ. His school produced many influential black belts including Rolls Gracie, Carlson Gracie Jr., Sergio "Bolão" Souza, Sergio Penha, Vinicius "Draculino" Magalhães (later Gracie Barra), Murilo Bustamante, Pedro Rizzo, and many others. Characterised by aggressive competitive style, emphasis on guard passing and pressure passing, MMA influence (many Carlson Gracie students became prominent in MMA), and direct lineage to Carlos Gracie Sr. Following Carlson's death in 2006, his son Carlson Gracie Jr. and senior students continued the team's competitive tradition.
Atos Jiu-Jitsu
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Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu team founded in 2008 by André Galvão (1982-) and Ramon Lemos (b. 1976) after their departure from Alliance Jiu-Jitsu. The name "Atos" comes from "Acts" in Portuguese (and references "Atos do Apostolos" / Acts of the Apostles), reflecting the founders' faith. Characterised by modern competition-focused training, innovative technical approach especially in lapel guards and modern sport BJJ, intense competition culture, and the integration of MMA training. One of the most successful competition teams in modern BJJ with multiple World Championships and ADCC titles. Galvão himself is a 10-time IBJJF World Champion and 5-time ADCC champion. Global network of affiliated academies with strong representation at all major competitions.
Alliance Jiu-Jitsu
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Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu team founded in 1993 by Romero "Jacaré" Cavalcanti (1953-), a black belt student of Rolls Gracie. Established alongside Fabio Gurgel and the late Alexandre Paiva. The name "Alliance" reflects the team's foundational vision of unity through shared technical principles and competition. Characterised by emphasis on technical innovation, competition excellence, supportive training environment, and strict quality control through registered academy verification. One of the most successful competition teams in BJJ history with multiple World Championships. Major influence on modern competition BJJ. Following internal disputes in the early 2000s when Andre Galvão, Ramon Lemos, and other senior members departed to form Atos, Fabio Gurgel rebuilt Alliance with continued strong competition performance. Global network of carefully verified Alliance academies with strong representation in international tournaments.
Gracie Humaitá
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The traditional Hélio Gracie direct lineage organization, founded in 1952 by Hélio Gracie himself in the Humaitá neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro. The original Gracie Academy of Rio that continues operations to this day. Distinguished by direct transmission from Hélio's hands-on teaching and emphasis on traditional Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu principles including self-defense, law enforcement applications, and combat effectiveness. Currently led by Royler Gracie (Hélio's son) and other Hélio family members. Approximately 200+ affiliated academies worldwide focused on traditional BJJ rather than primarily sport-oriented training. Many top BJJ instructors trace their black belt lineage through Gracie Humaitá. Distinguished from Carlos Gracie Jr.'s Gracie Barra by direct Hélio family transmission rather than Carlos Sr.'s descendants line.
Gracie Barra
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Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu organization founded in 1986 by Carlos Gracie Jr. (1956-), son of Carlos Gracie Sr. The name "Gracie Barra" refers to the original location in Barra da Tijuca, a suburb of Rio de Janeiro. Carlos Jr. assumed leadership of his brother Rolls Gracie's school after Rolls's death in 1982, then established Gracie Barra in 1986 with brothers Crolin Gracie and Rilion Gracie. Characterised by structured progressive curriculum (GB¹ Fundamentals, GB² Advanced, GB³ Expert), competition emphasis alongside self-defense, standardized teaching methodology, and global expansion through affiliated academies. Founded the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF) in 2002 to standardize competition rules. The largest BJJ organization globally by affiliated school count with over 700-800 academies across six continents. Currently Carlos Gracie Jr. remains active in organization leadership.
Gracie Jiu-Jitsu
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The traditional Gracie family Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu lineage emphasizing self-defense, real-world applicability, and neutralizing larger opponents through technique and leverage rather than strength. Developed by Hélio Gracie (1913-2009) from techniques originally learned by his older brother Carlos Gracie Sr. from Mitsuyo Maeda (Kodokan Judo). Hélio modified techniques to compensate for his smaller physical stature, creating an approach particularly suited to teaching practical self-defense. Officially trademarked as "Gracie Jiu-Jitsu" by Rorion Gracie. The lineage emphasizes self-defense modules, escape mechanics, defenses against strikes, and the structured Gracie Combatives curriculum. Centered at the Gracie Academy (originally Rio de Janeiro, now headquartered in Torrance, California) under Rorion Gracie's family line, with Ryron and Rener Gracie (Rorion's sons) running Gracie University. Distinguished from sport-focused BJJ by explicit emphasis on practical self-defense over tournament competition.
Traditional Judo
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Branch of Judo emphasizing Kanō Jigorō's original pre-sport vision of judo as comprehensive budō (martial way) rather than primarily as competitive sport. Preserves the complete Kanō curriculum including all eight Kōdōkan kata (which sport judo often neglects), self-defense applications (goshin-jutsu), and the philosophical/educational framework Kanō originally established. Often called "Old-Style Judo," "Classical Judo," or "Kanō-shiki Jūdō" by practitioners. Distinguished from modern Olympic/sport judo by inclusion of atemi-waza (striking), comprehensive kata practice, traditional uniforms and protocols, and emphasis on self-defense effectiveness over tournament competitiveness. Active through various organizations preserving this approach, with practitioners often drawn from traditional martial arts backgrounds. Some practitioners hold dual rank in both modern IJF judo and traditional judo organizations.
Kosen Judo
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Specialized branch of Kodokan Judo emphasizing ne-waza (ground fighting) techniques, developed within the Japanese koto gakkō (kōsen) higher technical school system in the early 20th century. The first kōsen judo tournament was held in 1898, and the tradition flourished through inter-university competition from the 1900s to 1940s. Characterised by extended ground fighting time limits, technical emphasis on guard work and submissions, integration of Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū jūjutsu ground techniques preserved by senior judoka, and competitive rules favoring newaza over standing techniques. Major influence on the development of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu through Mitsuyo Maeda (a Kōsen-trained judoka). Continues today primarily through Japanese universities including Kyoto University, Waseda University, and the Seven National Universities (Nanatei) Judo Tournament. Outside Japan, organizations like the Kōsen Judo Association preserve and develop this specialized branch.
Kodokan Judo
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Japanese martial art founded in 1882 by Jigorō Kanō (1860-1938) by combining and refining techniques from two classical jūjutsu lineages: Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū (under Iso Mataemon Hisamori) and Kitō-ryū. Originally called "Kanō jūjutsu," Kanō renamed it "Jūdō" (柔道, "gentle way") to distinguish his pedagogical reformulation from older jūjutsu styles. The name "Kōdōkan" (講道館) means "place for expounding the way" and refers to Kanō's school established in Tokyo. Characterised by randori (free sparring) practice, systematic teaching methodology, separation into throwing techniques (nage-waza), grappling techniques (katame-waza), and striking techniques (atemi-waza, mostly in kata only), and emphasis on mutual welfare and benefit (jita-kyōei). Became an Olympic sport for men in 1964 (Tokyo) and women in 1992. Active worldwide through the International Judo Federation (IJF) with national federations in over 200 countries. The Kōdōkan Hombu Dojo in Tokyo remains the worldwide spiritual and technical headquarters.
Nippon Kempo
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Japanese full-contact martial art created in 1932 by Muneomi Sawayama (1906-1977), a judoka who studied karate under Kenwa Mabuni (founder of Shitō-ryū). Sawayama developed Nippon Kempo as a competitive martial art combining striking from karate, throws from judo, and ground fighting. The name "Nippon Kempo" (日本拳法) translates as "Japanese Fist Method." Characterised by full-contact sparring with protective gear (face, body, crotch protectors, and gloves), integration of stand-up striking, throws, and ground fighting, and emphasis on practical application through competitive matches. Established as a complete fighting system designed for full-resistance training. Active internationally through the Japan Nippon Kempo Association and affiliated organizations, with particular presence in Japan, Europe, and Latin America.
Shorinji Kempo
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Japanese martial art established in 1947 by Doshin So (Sō Dōshin, 1911-1980), a Japanese martial artist and former military intelligence agent who studied various Chinese martial arts during his years in China. The name "Shorinji Kempo" (少林寺拳法) means "Shaolin Temple Fist Method" - though distinct from Chinese Shaolin traditions. Combines Doshin So's quanfa and jujutsu training with Buddhist philosophy (specifically the founder's interpretation of Mahayana Buddhism). Characterised by paired training (kumi embu), integration of striking (gōhō) and grappling (jūhō) techniques, emphasis on philosophical study alongside physical practice, and a unique religious/spiritual dimension. Schools within Japan are called "doin" (temples), reflecting the religious aspect; branches outside Japan are recognized as "dojos." Active in over 30 countries through the World Shorinji Kempo Organization (WSKO).
Kajukenbo
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Hawaiian synthesis martial art developed in 1947 in the Palama settlement of Honolulu, Hawaii, by five practitioners known as the "Black Belt Society": Adriano Emperado (Kenpo), Peter Choo (Tang Soo Do), Frank Ordonez (Sekeino jujitsu), Joe Holck (Kodokan judo), and George "Clarence" Chang (Chinese boxing). The name combines syllables from each: "Ka" (Karate) + "Ju" (Judo/Jujutsu) + "Ken" (Kenpo) + "Bo" (Chinese Boxing). Sijo (Founder) Adriano Emperado (1926-2009) is credited as the principal founder and led the system's development for over six decades. Characterised by all-range fighting including striking, grappling, and ground fighting, emphasis on practical self-defense, and integration of multiple martial arts traditions. One of the first formally codified American martial arts systems. Active globally with multiple federations and thousands of practitioners.
American Kenpo
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Modern martial arts system developed by Edmund Kealoha "Ed" Parker (1931-1990), who trained under William Kwai Sun Chow in Hawaii and earned his black belt in Kara-Ho Kenpo in 1954. Parker founded the International Kenpo Karate Association (IKKA) and progressively systematized his approach, eventually estimating his innovations accounted for 85% of his system. Renamed it "American Kenpo Karate" to reflect its modern American development. Characterised by self-defense technique sequences, scientific approach to combat principles, emphasis on practical street application, and systematic teaching methodology with clearly defined ranks and curriculum. Parker taught celebrities including Elvis Presley and Steve McQueen, contributing to Kenpo's widespread recognition. Following Parker's death in 1990, multiple successor organizations emerged. Active globally with hundreds of affiliated schools and one of the largest organized martial arts systems internationally.
Kosho Shorei-ryu Kempo
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The foundational Kempo lineage brought to the United States by James Masayoshi Mitose (1916-1981) in 1936 when he established the "Official Self-Defense" club in Honolulu, Hawaii. Mitose was born in Hawaii but sent to Kyushu, Japan in 1920 to train in his family's martial tradition at the Yoshida Family Temple (Shaka In) under his maternal lineage. The name "Kosho Shōrei-ryū" translates as "Old Pine Tree School Fist Law of Encouragement." Mitose's curriculum combined hard linear strikes, pressure point manipulation, circular movements, joint locking, and Rinzai Zen philosophy. Through his students William K.S. Chow, Adriano Emperado, and others, this lineage became the foundation for most modern American Kempo systems. After Mitose's controversial later life and imprisonment, multiple successor organizations emerged, including those led by his son Thomas Barrow Mitose, his last student Bruce Juchnik, and various authorized practitioners. Active internationally through multiple organizations preserving Mitose's teachings.
Chito-ryu
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Japanese karate lineage founded in 1946 by Tsuyoshi Chitose (1898-1984), who trained in both Shuri-Te (under Ankō Itosu) and Naha-Te (under Aragaki Seishō and Kanryō Higaonna) in Okinawa before moving to mainland Japan. The name "Chitō-ryū" (千唐流) translates as "1,000-year-old Chinese style," reflecting Chitose's emphasis on the Chinese origins of karate. Characterised by integration of Okinawan kata traditions, emphasis on principles of correct body mechanics and Eastern medicine influences (Chitose was a medical doctor). Established the All Japan Karate-Do Federation Chitō-Kai in 1946. Particularly strong presence in Canada and Australia in addition to Japan, due to early international transmission.
Kyokushin
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Japanese full-contact karate lineage founded in 1964 by Masutatsu (Mas) Ōyama (1923-1994), a Korean-born martial artist who trained in Shotokan under Funakoshi and Gōjū-ryū under So Nei Chu. The name "Kyokushin" (極真) means "Ultimate Truth" - reflecting Ōyama's emphasis on rigorous testing and full-contact training. Characterised by full-contact bare-knuckle sparring (knockdown rules), intense physical conditioning, body conditioning through repetitive striking, and the famous 100-man kumite test. Established the International Karate Organisation (IKO) in 1964. Following Ōyama's death in 1994, multiple successor organizations emerged due to leadership disputes. Active in over 130 countries with the largest single karate organization membership in many regions.
Goju-Kai
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Japanese branch of Gōjū-ryū karate developed by Gogen Yamaguchi (1909-1989) in mainland Japan, distinct from the Okinawan Gōjū-ryū traditions of Miyagi Chōjun's direct successors. Yamaguchi trained under Miyagi Chōjun in the 1930s and adapted Gōjū-ryū for mainland Japanese teaching following the introduction of karate to Japan. Established the All Japan Karate-Do Gōjū-Kai Karate-Do Association in 1950. Characterised by hard-soft (gōjū) techniques, integration of competition kumite, sanchin and tensho kata practice, and adaptation for sport karate. Distinguished from Okinawan Gōjū-ryū by its mainland Japanese organizational structure, competition emphasis, and Yamaguchi family lineage. Active internationally through multiple federations.
Wado-ryu
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Japanese karate lineage founded in 1939 by Hironori Ōtsuka (1892-1982). The name "Wadō" (和道) means "Way of Peace/Harmony." Unique among major karate styles for combining karate techniques (learned from Gichin Funakoshi and Kenwa Mabuni) with classical Japanese jūjutsu principles from Shindō Yōshin-ryū jūjutsu (where Ōtsuka held Menkyo Kaiden). Characterised by body shifting (tai sabaki) for evasion, integration of jūjutsu throws and joint locks, natural stances, and emphasis on efficiency rather than brute force. The style was officially recognized as a distinct ryū by the Dai Nippon Butokukai in 1934. Following Ōtsuka's death, multiple organizations emerged from his teachings.
Shito-ryu
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Japanese karate lineage founded in 1934 by Kenwa Mabuni (1889-1952), one of the first masters to introduce karate to mainland Japan. The name "Shitō-ryū" combines characters from Mabuni's two primary Okinawan teachers - "Shi" (糸) from Ankō Itosu (Shuri-Te tradition) and "Tō" (東) from Kanryō Higaonna (Naha-Te tradition). Characterised by the broadest kata curriculum of any major karate style (over 50 kata), preservation of both Shuri-Te and Naha-Te traditions, technical variety, and upright natural stances. Following Mabuni's death, multiple major branches developed under his sons and senior students. Particularly strong in western Japan (Kansai region) and internationally.
Shotokan
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Japanese karate lineage developed by Gichin Funakoshi (1868-1957) after his introduction of karate from Okinawa to mainland Japan in 1922. The name "Shōtōkan" (松濤館) was the name of Funakoshi's first dojo in Tokyo, established in 1939 - "Shōtō" was Funakoshi's pen name for poetry ("pine waves"), and "kan" means hall. Characterised by long deep stances, powerful linear techniques, formal kata practice, and emphasis on basics (kihon). The style was further developed by Funakoshi's son Yoshitaka (Gigō) Funakoshi and senior students including Masatoshi Nakayama, who established the Japan Karate Association (JKA). Multiple major organisations now exist representing different lines of transmission. Active in over 190 countries through various federations including JKA, SKIF, ITKF, WSKF, and many independent organisations.
Okinawan Kobudo
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The weapon arts traditions of Okinawa, encompassing systems for traditional Okinawan weapons including the bō (six-foot staff), sai (three-pronged truncheon), tonfa (handled club), nunchaku (linked sticks), kama (sickle), tekko (knuckle weapon), tinbe-rochin (shield and spear), and surujin (weighted chain). Distinguished from Japanese kobudō traditions by Okinawan-specific weapons and techniques. The majority of surviving Okinawan kobudō traditions were preserved and systematized in the 20th century through several master teachers, particularly Taira Shinken (1897-1970) who travelled throughout the Ryukyu Islands collecting and preserving kata. Many Okinawan karate dojos integrate kobudō training into their curriculum, though specialized kobudō schools also exist.
Matsubayashi-ryu
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Okinawan karate lineage founded by Shōshin Nagamine (1907-1997) in 1947. The name "Matsubayashi" (松林) means "pine forest" and is named in honor of two of Nagamine's primary teachers, Sokon Matsumura and Kosaku Matsumora (both of whom had "matsu" - pine - in their names). Derived from Shuri-Te and Tomari-Te traditions through Nagamine's training with Ankichi Arakaki, Chōtoku Kyan, and Chōjun Miyagi. Officially recognized as a distinct ryū-ha despite its Shōrin-ryū roots. Characterised by 18 kata, emphasis on natural body movement, and integration of striking with body shifting. Active throughout Okinawa, mainland Japan, and internationally through the World Matsubayashi-ryū Karate-dō Association (WMKA).
Uechi-ryu
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Okinawan karate lineage originally called "Pangai-noon" (meaning "half-hard, half-soft"), founded by Kanbun Uechi (1877-1948). Uechi trained in Fujian province, China under Shu Shi Wa (Zhou Zihe) in the early 1900s, studying a system based on Chinese Shorin-ken (tiger, crane, and dragon influences). Originally taught in Wakayama, Japan, then continued by Kanbun's son Kanei Uechi (1911-1991) after his father's death. Renamed "Uechi-ryū" in his honour. Characterised by Sanchin training as foundation, body conditioning, half-hard half-soft principles, and Chinese kung fu influence. Distinguished from other Okinawan styles by its direct Chinese lineage origin rather than indigenous Okinawan development. Active worldwide.
Goju-ryu
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Okinawan karate lineage developed from Naha-Te tradition, formally named by Chōjun Miyagi in the 1930s. The name means "Hard-Soft Style" - "Gō" (hard) referring to closed-hand techniques and linear movements, "Jū" (soft) referring to open-hand techniques and circular movements. Founded on the teachings of Kanryō Higaonna (1853-1915), who studied in Fuzhou, China, and developed by his student Chōjun Miyagi (1888-1953). Characterised by emphasis on body conditioning through Sanchin kata, combination of close-range strikes with grappling and joint manipulation, and integration of breathing techniques. Active throughout Okinawa, Japan, and internationally with numerous federations.
Shorin-ryu
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Okinawan karate lineage tracing its origins to the Shuri-Te and Tomari-Te traditions of Okinawa. The name "Shōrin" (小林) refers to "small forest" and is the Japanese reading of the same kanji as "Shaolin" (referring to Chinese influence). First formally named "Shōrin-ryū" by Chōshin Chibana in 1933, though the system itself dates back through masters including Ankō Itosu, Matsumura Sōkon, and Sakukawa Kanga in the 1700s and 1800s. Characterised by speed, agility, natural body positioning, and emphasis on practical combat application. Multiple distinct branches emerged from different lines of transmission. Active throughout Okinawa, mainland Japan, and internationally.
Tsutsumi Hozan-ryu
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Japanese martial arts lineage founded by Tsutsumi Hōzan (Tsutsumi Yamashiro no kami Hōzan) in the late 14th or early 15th century. As a sōgō bujutsu (complete martial art), traditionally included jujutsu (originally yoroi kumi - grappling in armor), kenjutsu (based on Jion's Nen-ryū), jitte, yari, bō, hojōjutsu, and other weapons. The last known koryū teacher in Japan, Tsutsumi Masao, died in 1898. Tsutsumi Hōzan-ryū appeared in Europe in the early 1900s (Erich Rahn taught it to Berlin Police from 1906; spread across Germany and Austria as "European Jiu-jitsu" by the 1930s with three federations and over 100 clubs), but these European lines did not survive. The modern continuation exists in Australia, brought by Jan de Jong (1921-2003) who trained under the Saito brothers (K. Saito 7th dan, S. Saito 8th dan, both students of Tsutsumi Masao) in Indonesia from 1927-1945. De Jong established the Australian lineage in Perth in 1952. The current Australian practice is goshin jutsu (self-defence focused) using a kata/randori mix called Shinken Shobu no Kata. Most teachers acknowledge the gendai budō (modern) character of the current practice while preserving the historical lineage identity.
Tenjin Shin'yo-ryu
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Edo-period jūjutsu lineage founded in the early 1800s by Iso Mataemon Masatari, created by combining the Yōshin-ryū and Shin no Shindō-ryū schools. Known for atemi-waza (striking techniques) and integrated grappling. One of the two lineages (along with Kitō-ryū) that Jigorō Kanō studied before founding Kōdōkan Judo in 1882. Active transmission continues in Japan and internationally through documented Menkyo holders.
Takenouchi-ryu
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Japanese sōgō bujutsu (composite martial arts) lineage founded in 1532 by Takenouchi Hisamori in Mimasaka Province (modern Okayama Prefecture). Curriculum includes jūjutsu, kenjutsu (sword), bōjutsu (staff), and kogusoku (close-combat with short weapons). The original transmission line continues through the Takenouchi family in Okayama, with additional authorized lines transmitting today. Among the older documented koryū jujutsu traditions.
Danzan-ryu Jujutsu
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Hawaiian synthesis jujutsu system founded in 1929 by Henry Seishirō Okazaki, combining Yōshin-ryū, Iwaga-ryū, Kosogabe-ryū, Hawaiian Lua, Karate, and Western boxing/wrestling influences. The name "Danzan" (Sandalwood Mountain) is the Japanese name for Hawaii. Among the first Japanese martial arts opened to non-Japanese students in Hawaii. Curriculum integrates seifukujutsu (restoration arts) with martial techniques. Established at Kodenkan Dojo, Honolulu, Hawaii. Numerous schools and federations operate across the United States with international affiliates.
Hakko-ryu Jujutsu
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Jujutsu system founded in 1941 by Okuyama Ryūhō, who trained under Takeda Sōkaku in Daitō-ryū before developing his own approach. Integrates medical and therapeutic principles (shiatsu) with martial techniques. Emphasises joint manipulation, nerve attacks, and energy-efficient self-defence. The name "Eight Light School" refers to the eight wavelengths of visible light. Hombu Dojo located in Saitama, Japan, currently led by Nidai Sōke Okuyama Ryūhō II. Authorized dojos and recognized descendant lineages operate internationally.
Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu
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Japanese aiki-jujutsu lineage traced through the Takeda family of the Aizu domain and brought to public teaching by Takeda Sōkaku in the late 19th to early 20th century. Codified under the name Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu by Takeda Tokimune. Characterised by aiki principles using timing, body alignment, and control of an opponent's balance and intent rather than strength. Morihei Ueshiba (founder of Aikido) and Okuyama Ryūhō (founder of Hakkō-ryū) were among Takeda Sōkaku's students. Active branches operate from headquarters in Japan with international presence including Australia, Europe, and the Americas.
Not Defined
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Lineage has not been identified
Yoshinkan
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Aikido lineage founded by Gozo Shioda (1915-1994), one of Morihei Ueshiba's senior pre-war students who completed Ueshiba's deshi (live-in disciple) training. Yoshinkan Aikido developed at Shioda's dojo of the same name (養神館, "Hall of Spirit Cultivation") established in Shinjuku, Tokyo in 1955. The dojo name honors Shioda's father's earlier dojo. Considered the "hard" style of Aikido, with greater technical similarity to pre-war Aikibudo and aiki-jujutsu than post-war Aikikai developments. Currently the second largest Aikido organization worldwide. Characterised by emphasis on precise correct form (kamae), approximately 150 kihon waza (basic techniques) practised repeatedly, kihon dosa (six basic movements), step-by-step instruction methodology, integration of jiyu-waza (free technique) and multi-attacker practice, and no competition. The Yoshinkan Hombu Dojo in Shinjuku, Tokyo runs the famous 11-month Senshusei intensive course training with the Tokyo Metropolitan Riot Police. In 1961, Shioda became the first person awarded 9th Dan by Ueshiba. In 1984, the International Martial Arts Federation awarded him 10th Dan and the title Meijin (Grand Master). In 1990, Shioda established both the All Japan Yoshinkan Aikido Federation and the International Yoshinkan Aikido Federation (IYAF) to coordinate worldwide development. Currently led by Yasuhisa Shioda, the founder's son.
Yoseikan Budo
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Modern martial arts system founded by Hiroo Mochizuki (born 1936), eldest son of Minoru Mochizuki, who developed his own approach to combining Japanese martial arts traditions. Originally called "Yoken" (mastery of sabre and fist) when established in 1965, renamed "Yoseikan Budo" in 1970 in homage to his father, after the name of his father's Dojo in Shizuoka. Hiroo Mochizuki was sent to France by his father in 1957 to teach Yoseikan Karate (Aikibudo and Karate), making him one of the first Japanese instructors to systematically introduce karate to Europe. In 1964, he became the first Technical Advisor of Aikido and Karate within the FFJDA (French Federation of Judo and Assimilated Disciplines), and co-founder of the European Karate Union. Characterised by a unique "système ondulatoire" (wave-form system) that uses body mechanics where each segment amplifies the next, integration of striking, throwing, locking, weapons, and ground fighting into a unified curriculum, sport competition format, and modern training methodology. Hiroo Mochizuki holds 10th Dan in Karate, 8th Dan in Aikido and Ju-Jitsu, 7th Dan in Iaido, 3rd Dan in Judo. Currently continued through his sons Mitchi and Kyoshi Mochizuki at the École Mochizuki, with the World Yoseikan Federation (WYF) as the international coordinating body. Distinguished from traditional Yoseikan by its modern sport synthesis approach rather than preservation of Minoru's original comprehensive martial structure.
Yoseikan (Traditional)
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The traditional Yoseikan martial arts system founded by Minoru Mochizuki (1907-2003) at the Yoseikan Dojo established in Shizuoka, Japan in 1931. Mochizuki was a direct student of Jigorō Kanō (Judo founder), Morihei Ueshiba (Aikido founder), and Gichin Funakoshi (Shotokan Karate founder). The Yoseikan system represents Mochizuki's integration of multiple Japanese martial disciplines back into a single comprehensive curriculum, as they were once practised before modern specialization separated them. Schools faithful to Mochizuki's complete vision teach an integrated curriculum that can include Aikido, Aikijutsu, Aikijujutsu, Karate, Jujutsu, Iaido, Kobudo, Judo, Kenjutsu, and Jojutsu - all as expressions of one unified martial methodology. Mochizuki held remarkable rankings: 10th Dan Aikido (IMAF, approved by Kisshomaru Ueshiba), 9th Dan Jujutsu, 8th Dan Iaido, 8th Dan Judo, 8th Dan Kobudo, 5th Dan Kendo, 5th Dan Karate, and 5th Dan Jojutsu. The 3rd Aikido Division head of the Kokusai Budoin (IMAF Japan) after Ueshiba and Tomiki. First to introduce Aikido to the West when he traveled to France in 1951-1953. The traditional Yoseikan system continues through schools faithful to Minoru's complete vision, including the Seifukai organization in Japan led by his son Tetsuma Mochizuki, the Yoseikan Ryu Karate International organization led by Teruo Sano, and various authorized schools worldwide teaching the integrated curriculum.